====== Ubuntu разное ======
===== HowTo - Как сделать xyz? =====
==== Обновить ядро без обновления всей системы ====
https://askubuntu.com/questions/119080/how-to-update-kernel-to-the-latest-mainline-version-without-any-distro-upgrade
Скачать deb отсюда - http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/
* linux-headers-VERSION-NUMBER_all.deb
* linux-headers-VERSION-NUMBER_amd64.deb
* linux-image-VERSION-NUMBER_amd64.deb
* linux-image-extra-VERSION-NUMBER_amd64.deb
Установить
# cd download-path && dpkg -i *.deb
==== Где rc.local ====
On newer Ubuntu versions systemd is used and /etc/rc.local is not loaded always by default.
Check if the Compatibility service is loaded with
systemctl status rc-local.service
via https://askubuntu.com/a/759821
[[https://www.linuxbabe.com/linux-server/how-to-enable-etcrc-local-with-systemd|Как включить rc.local если у вас systemd]]
==== Как посмотреть changelog пакета ====
Оказывается до ужаса просто
$ apt-get changelog package_name
==== Шпаргалка ====
{{:linux:ubuntu_command_sheet.png?direct&200|}}
===== Ошибки =====
==== UFW не блокирует подсеть ====
Например нужно заблокировать соединения к 80 порту
ufw deny proto tcp from 203.0.113.0/24 to any port 80
Вероятнее всего уже есть allow правило.
Смотрим текущие правила
ufw status numbered
Добавляем правило выше
ufw insert 1 deny proto tcp from 203.0.113.0/24 to any port 80
==== kernel BUG at linux-4.15.0/drivers/net/xen-netfront.c:909! ====
VPS в Xen работает нестабильно, kernel panic итд.
Проблем нет с ядром 4.15.0-46\\
Не работает с 4.15.0-47 по 4.15.0-55
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1837751
==== Неверный размер файлов в RDP (Remmina) ====
Система Linux Mint, 32bit. Подключаем в Remmina (RDP) локальный каталог, в итоге на удаленном сервере файлы даже 1 КБ имеют размер в несколько гигабайт.
Как это выглядит - [[https://github.com/FreeRDP/Remmina/issues/1166|RDP remote files are listed with huge wrong size under 32bit client platforms]]
Баг на github - [[https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/issues/3939|Remote files are listed with huge wrong size under 32bit client platforms]], еще один [[https://github.com/FreeRDP/Remmina/issues/1174|https://github.com/FreeRDP/Remmina/issues/1174]]
Проблема проявляется в версии 1.2.0-rcgit-18 (git rcgit-18) из репозитория https://launchpad.net/%7Eremmina-ppa-team/+archive/ubuntu/remmina-next, который [[https://github.com/FreeRDP/Remmina/wiki|указан в wiki]]
С версией из стандартного репозитория Mint размер файлов верный
$ dpkg -l remmina
||/ Имя Версия Архитектура Описание
+++-==============-============-============-=================================
ii remmina 1.1.2-3ubunt i386 remote desktop client for GNOME d
[[https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/issues/3913|Патч]] для отважных джедаев компилирующих версию из git.
==== Aborting downgrade from (at least) 5.6 to 5.5 ====
При переустановке пакета mysql-server появляется ошибка ''Aborting downgrade from (at least) 5.6 to 5.5'' или ''Aborting downgrade from (at least) 5.5 to 5.1''
//This is not a bug, you must remove /var/lib/mysql/debian-5.6.flag file//
Удаляем файл ''debian-5.*.flag'' и повторно запускаем ''apt-get install''
==== sudo: unable to stat /etc/sudoers: Permission denied ====
Ошибка
sudo: unable to stat /etc/sudoers: Permission denied
sudo: no valid sudoers sources found, quitting
sudo: unable to initialize policy plugin
Смотрим права
root@vm1753:/# ls -la
total 1049708
drw------- 23 root root 4096 Dec 7 16:58 .
drw------- 23 root root 4096 Dec 7 16:58 ..
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 27 06:27 bin
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Nov 27 06:25 boot
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 13 2015 build
drwxr-xr-x 13 root root 3860 Dec 7 17:22 dev
drwxr-xr-x 116 root root 12288 Dec 7 17:22 etc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 10 2014 home
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 34 Nov 27 06:25 initrd.img -> boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-101-generic
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 33 Sep 13 2015 initrd.img.old -> boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic
drwxr-xr-x 21 root root 4096 Nov 27 06:26 lib
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 26 2016 lib64
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Sep 13 2015 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 18 2014 media
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 10 2014 mnt
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jan 21 2016 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 129 root root 0 Dec 7 17:22 proc
drwx------ 13 root root 4096 Nov 27 06:57 root
drwxr-xr-x 22 root root 720 Dec 7 18:33 run
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12288 Dec 7 17:18 sbin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 18 2014 srv
-rw------- 1 root root 1073741824 Dec 7 16:59 swapfile
dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 Dec 7 17:22 sys
drwxrwxrwt 6 root root 4096 Dec 7 18:40 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 Apr 18 2014 usr
drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 Sep 13 2015 var
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 Nov 27 06:25 vmlinuz -> boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-101-generic
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 30 Sep 13 2015 vmlinuz.old -> boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic
Для / установлен chmod 600. Чиним права
# chmod 755 /
sudo вновь доступен.
==== quotacheck: Cannot find filesystem to check or filesystem not mounted with quota option. ====
Ubuntu 14.04, ISPmanager 5 Lite
При включении дисковых квот ошибка
{{:linux:ispmanager_ubuntu_quota.png?nolink&600|}}
Лог ispmgr
Preparing to unpack .../ispmanager-pkg-quota_5.78.2-2-ubuntu14_all.deb ...
quotaoff: Mountpoint (or device) / not found or has no quota enabled.
quotacheck: Mountpoint (or device) / not found or has no quota enabled.
quotacheck: Cannot find filesystem to check or filesystem not mounted with quota option.
Can not check quota
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/ispmanager-pkg-quota_5.78.2-2-ubuntu14_all.deb (--unpack):
subprocess new pre-installation script returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
/var/cache/apt/archives/ispmanager-pkg-quota_5.78.2-2-ubuntu14_all.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
Пакет quota установлен.
''/etc/init.d/quota start'' не срабатывает.
И ещё один сюрприз - нет файла ''/etc/fstab'', точнее он пуст
# UNCONFIGURED FSTAB FOR BASE SYSTEM
Поэтому идём в ''/lib/init/fstab''
# apt-get install linux-image-extra-virtual
find /lib/modules | grep quota
/lib/modules/4.5.1-std-1/kernel/fs/quota
/lib/modules/4.5.1-std-1/kernel/fs/quota/quota_v1.ko
/lib/modules/4.5.1-std-1/kernel/fs/quota/quota_v2.ko
/lib/modules/4.5.1-std-1/kernel/fs/quota/quota_tree.ko
/lib/modules/4.5.1-std-1/kernel/net/netfilter/xt_quota.ko
depmod -a
modprobe quota_v1
modprobe quota_v2
/etc/init.d/quota start
* https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/761809
* http://askubuntu.com/questions/109585/quota-format-not-supported-in-kernel
* quotacheck: Your kernel probably supports journaled quota but you are not using it.
* http://ittraveler.org/nastrojka-diskovyx-kvot-v-ubuntu/
* http://askubuntu.com/questions/109585/quota-format-not-supported-in-kernel
* https://www.virtualmin.com/node/23522
==== В Ubuntu нет файла /var/log/messages ====
via http://askubuntu.com/questions/51265/where-is-var-log-messages
''/var/log/messages'' has been deleted from Natty.\\
You can find the same info in ''/var/log/syslog''. Note that everything logged to messages was also logged to ''syslog''.
==== Broken apt-get in Ubuntu ====
* [[http://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?f=47&t=183727&p=952334|http://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?f=47&t=183727&p=952334]]
* [[http://techjim.blogspot.ru/2014/04/recover-ubuntu-from-perl-catastrophe.html|http://techjim.blogspot.ru/2014/04/recover-ubuntu-from-perl-catastrophe.html]]
==== Не перезапускается MySQL ====
https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2227097 читать и размышлять
MySQL автоматически стартует после остановки.
Убираем инит - update-rc.d -f mysql remove\\
Или убираем upstart - /etc/init/mysql.conf
==== random: nonblocking pool is initialized ====
via http://blog.jamesrhall.com/2014/04/ubuntu-server-1404-fun.html
Добавить параметр ''nomodeset'' к ядру. не работает.
nomodeset
The newest kernels have moved the video mode setting into the kernel. So all the programming of the hardware specific clock rates and registers on the video card happen in the kernel rather than in the X driver when the X server starts.. This makes it possible to have high resolution nice looking splash (boot) screens and flicker free transitions from boot splash to login screen. Unfortunately, on some cards this doesnt work properly and you end up with a black screen. Adding the nomodeset parameter instructs the kernel to not load video drivers and use BIOS modes instead until X is loaded.
==== init: plymouth-upstart-bridge main process ended, respawning [НЕрешено] ====
via http://www.unrelatedshit.com/2014/07/30/kvm-too-fast-for-plymouth-upstart-bridge/
Ошибка
init: plymouth-upstart-bridge main process (222) terminated with status 1
init: plymouth-upstart-bridge main process ended, respawning
Добавить ''sleep 2'' в ''/etc/init/plymouth-upstart-bridge.conf''
[...]
stop on (stopping plymouth
or stopping plymouth-shutdown)
console output
exec plymouth-upstart-bridge
sleep 2
:!: сомнительное решение. не помогло. система не загружается.